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11. SINIF İNGİLİZCE 8. ÜNİTE KONU ANLATIMI ÇALIŞMA KAĞIDI TEST ETKİNLİKLER VE KELİME QUIZI
- 11.Sınıf İngilizce 8.Ünite Konuları Kazanımlar (8.Tema)
- 11.Sınıf İngilizce 8.Ünite Konu Anlatımı ve Grammar Worksheet (8.Tema)
- 11.Sınıf İngilizce 8.Ünite Kelimeleri (8.Tema)
- 11.Sınıf İngilizce 8.Ünite Kelime Etkinlikleri Kelime Quizi (8.Tema)
11. Sınıf İngilizce 8. Ünite Kazanımları Konuları
THEME 8 SPORTS
FUNCTIONS
- Reporting news
- Making interview
- Talking about sports
LANGUAGE SKILLS and LEARNING OUTCOMES
Listening
E11.8.L1. Students will be able to identify the lexis and jargon about extreme sports in a recorded text.
Pronunciation
E11.8.P1. Students will be able to practice rising and falling intonation in questions.
Eg.Would you like another coffee? (rising and falling intonation)
Speaking
E11.8.S1. Students will be able to exchange opinions about outdoor/extreme sports.
E11.8.S2. Students will be able to ask questions to make an interview with a sportsperson.
Reading
E11.8.R1. Students will be able to analyze a text involving different kinds of extreme sports to reorder the scrambled paragraphs.
Writing
E11.8.W1. Students will be able to write a report on the interview they have made.
SAMPLE USAGE
Yasemin Dalkılıç says that all the women can achieve their goals.
Atatürk says that he likes sportsmen who are smart, agile and also well-behaved.
Many psychologists say that doing sports helps teens develop and maintain friendships.
The Paralympic Games is a major international multi-sport event of athletes with a range of physical disabilities.
Cliff diving is defined as the acrobatic perfection of diving into water from a cliff.
Wingsuit fliers wear parachute equipment specially designed for sky diving.
FILA has announced that Hamza Yerlikaya is the wrestler of the century.
11. Sınıf İngilizce 8. Ünite Konuları Kazanımları İndir
11. Sınıf İngilizce 8. Ünite Konu Anlatımı
THEME 8 SPORTS GRAMMAR
DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECHES KONU ANLATIMI
Direct Speech
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between inverted commas (“….”) and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that’s being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.
Reported Speech
Reported speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like ‘say’, ‘tell’, ‘ask’, and we may use the word ‘that’ to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.
TENSE CHANGES
Normally, the tense in reported speech is one tense back in time from the tense in direct speech:
The changes are shown below:
| Simple present | Simple past |
| “I always drink coffee”, she said | She said that she always drank coffee. |
| Present continuous | Past continuous |
| “I am reading a book”, he explained. | He explained that he was reading a book |
| Simple past | Past perfect |
| “Bill arrived on Saturday”, he said. | He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday |
| Present perfect | Past perfect |
| “I have been to Spain”, he told me. | He told me that he had been to Spain |
| Past perfect | Past perfect |
| “I had just turned out the light,” he explained. | He explained that he had just turned out the light. |
| Present perfect continuous | Past perfect continuous |
| They complained, “We have been waiting for hours”. | They complained that they had been waiting for hours. |
| Past continuous | Past perfect continuous |
| “We were living in Paris”, they told me. | They told me that they had been living in Paris. |
| Future | Present conditional |
| “I will be in Geneva on Monday”, he said | He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday. |
| Future continuous | Conditional continuous |
| She said, “I’ll be using the car next Friday”. | She said that she would be using the car next Friday. |
NOTE:
1. You do not need to change the tense if the tense of the reporting verb is present or future
He says he has missed the train but he’ll catch the next one.
We will say we are preparing for the party, so you have to come and help us.
2. These modal verbs do not change in reported speech: might, could, would, should, ought to, e.g.
We explained that it could be difficult to find our house.
She said that she might bring a friend to the party.
CHANGE IN TIME AND PLACE REFERENCE
Time/place references are also changed in reported speech.
The most common of these changes are shown below:
| Today | that day |
| Yesterday | the day before |
| The day before yesterday | two days before |
| Tomorrow | the next/following day |
| The day after tomorrow | in two days time/ two days later |
| Next week / month /year | the following week/month/year |
| Last week/month/year | the previous/week/month/year |
| Ago | before |
| This (for time) | that |
| Now | then / at that moment |
| This / That (adjectives) | the |
| Here | there |
CHANGES IN PRONOUNS
In general, personal pronouns change to the third person singular or plural, except when the speaker reports his own words:
I/me/my/mine, you/your/yours he/she/him/his/her/hers
we/us/our/ours, you/your/yours they/their/theirs:
QUESTIONS:
1. The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affirmative form. The question mark (?) is therefore omitted in the indirect speech. Normal word order is used in reported questions, that is, the subject comes before the verb, and it is not necessary to use ‘do’ or ‘did’:
“Where does Peter live?” – She asked him where Peter lived.
2. Tenses, pronouns and possessive adjectives and adverbs of time and place change as in statements.
3. If the introductory verb is ‘said’, it must be changed to a verb of inquiry: ask, wonder, inquire, want to know
Yes / no questions: This type of question is reported by using ‘ask’ + ‘if / whether + clause:
a. “Do you speak English?” – He asked me if I spoke English.
b. “Are you British or American?” – He asked me whether I was British or American.
Question words:
This type of question is reported by using Reporting verb + Question word + Reported clause. The clause contains the question, in normal word order and with the necessary tense change.
Examples:
a. “What is your name?” he asked me. – He asked me what my name was.
b. “How old is your mother?” he asked. – He asked how old her mother was.
ORDERS, REQUESTS & SUGGESTIONS:
1. When we want to report an order or request, we can use a verb like‘tell’ with a to-clause.
Examples:
a. The doctor said to me, “Stop smoking!”. The doctor told me to stop smoking.
b. “Get out of the car!” said the policeman. The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.
c. “Could you please be quiet,” she said. She asked me to be quiet.
d. The man with the gun said to us, “Don’t move!” The man with the gun warned us not to move.
Other verbs used to report orders and requests in this way are: command, order, warn, ask, advise, invite, beg, teach, forbid.
2. Requests for objects are reported using the pattern ask + for + object:
Examples:
a. “Can I have an apple?”, she asked. She asked for an apple.
c. “May I have a glass of water?” he said. He asked for a glass of water.
d. “Sugar, please.” She asked for the sugar.
3. Suggestions are usually reported with a that-clause. ‘That’ and ‘should’ are optional in these clauses:
She said: “Why don’t you get a mechanic to look at the car?” – She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car. OR She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.
Other reporting verbs used in this way are: insist, recommend, demand, request, and propose.
Examples:
a. “It would be a good idea to see the dentist”, said my mother. – My mother suggested I see the dentist.
b. The dentist said, “I think you should use a different toothbrush”. – The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.
d. “Why don’t you sleep overnight at my house?” she said. – She suggested that I sleep overnight at her house
11. Sınıf İngilizce 8. Ünite Konu Anlatımı ve Çalışma Kağıdı Worksheet İndir
11. Sınıf İngilizce 8. Ünite Kelime Etkinlikleri – Quizi
11.Sınıf İngilizce 8.Ünite Kelime Etkinlikleri Kelime Quizi İndir